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Mircea Eliade (Romanian pronunciation: [miˈrse̯a eliˈade]) (March 9, 1907 – April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher and professor at the University of Chicago. He was a leading interpreter of religious experience and belief. His influential works include: The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion (1957), Patterns in Comparative Religions (1958), Cosmos and History: The Myth of the Eternal Return (1954), Yoga: Immortality and Freedom (1958). He was born in Bucharest into an educated middle-class family. His father, Ioan Eliade, was a well-known literary critic, while his mother, Teresa "Tessa" Eliade-Golopenţia (1884–1965), was a well-known sculptress. The family moved to Paris when Mircea Eliade was nine years old. The young Eliade began smoking at the age of 11. He became an atheist in 1926 after reading Friedrich Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra. He studied at Sorbonne University in Paris, receiving a doctorate in Oriental languages in 1930. In 1934 he married the Romanian sculptor Lucia "Luce" Dombasle. Eliade later served as a professor of history at the University of Bucharest from 1937 to 1938 and in 1949, and in 1957 he was appointed head of the department of history at the University of Chicago in Illinois in the United States, where he stayed until his retirement in 1978. He died on April 22, 1986 after suffering a heart attack. His body was cremated and his ashes were later scattered in a field behind his house in Switzerland. Eliade's family home in Bucharest was located at 25 Ştirbei Vodă Street, now known as Eliade House Museum. The house has been declared a national monument of historical importance. The Eliade family were members of the Romanian Orthodox Church, and Mircea's great-grandfather, Constantin Chinezu, an Orthodox priest, was among those who had taken part in the Wallachian Revolution of 1848. Mircea's father, Ioan Eliade (1858–1938), was probably the most famous literary critic in Romania. He had himself published poetry, performed as an opera singer, and played the violin. Ioan was a friend of Romanian writers Mihail Eminescu—the leading Romanian poet of his day—and Mihail Sadoveanu. Ioan's father, Marcu Eliade (1822–1899), was a customs official. Mircea Eliade had no sons; however, his daughter is married to historian Sorin Alexandrescu (see Alexandrescu family). While visiting Vienna in 1934, Eliade became involved with the Austrian Circle, a group of scholars who attempted to synthesize political Zionism with the ideologies of Götz von Berlichingen and Ernst Jünger. cfa1e77820
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